John Ruskin
ohn Ruskin (1819–1900) was an English writer, art critic, and social thinker, known for his influential contributions to art, architecture, and society. Born in London, Ruskin was a child prodigy and an accomplished scholar, excelling in languages and the arts. His most famous work, Modern Painters (1843–1860), championed the work of the artist J.M.W. Turner and criticized the industrialization of art. Ruskin was a strong advocate for social reform, arguing that art should be linked to moral values and social progress. His book The Stones of Venice (1851–1853) promoted the appreciation of Gothic architecture, and in Unto This Last (1860), he explored ideas about economics and social justice, influencing later thinkers like Mahatma Gandhi. Though a prolific writer and intellectual, Ruskin faced personal challenges, including a troubled marriage and deteriorating mental health. Despite his later life marked by mental decline, his legacy as a critic and social reformer remains significant in both art history and social thought.